some info about the books that i read for this paper!
Ok first of all I am providing a list of books and journals that I read during this period. This is just to help other individuals who are writing similar papers or books.
Bernays, Edward L., 2004,propaganda, new ed, IG Publishing;
Debord.G, ,La Société du spectacle, translated from French to English by Knab, K,2002, treason press. (Originally published in 1967)
McNair B., 1998. Journalism Politics and public relations. In: Kieran M., ed. Media Ethics, London: Routledge, 51-65
Belsey A.,1998 Journalism and ethics: can they co-exist?. In: Kieran M., ed. Media Ethics, London: Routledge, 1-15
Habermas J., 2003, the structure transformation of public sphere, 6th ed, Cambridge: Blackwell.
Pilger J., 1987, Heroes, New ed, London: pan books
Knightley P., 2003, The First Casualty, 3rd ed, London: Carlton publishing group.
Knightley P., 1989, The First Casualty, 2nd ed, London: Pan Books ltd.
Seib P., 2006, Beyond front lines,2nd ed, England: Palgrave Mcmillan.
Herman Edward.s and Chomsky N, 1988, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, 1st ed, Pantheon Book.
Hallin D.C, 1986, the uncensored: media and Vietnam, 1st ed, oxford university press.
Harris R. 1983, Gotcha!: the media, the government and the Falkland crisis, London: Faber and Faber.
Sifry M.L and Cerf C (eds), 1991, The Gulf War reader, New York: Random house.
Allen T. and Seaton J, 1999, The media of conflict, 1st ed, UK: Zed books.
Baudrillard j. 1991, The Gulf War did not take place, translated from French to English by Patton P. Indiana university press.
Kellner D. 1992, The Persian gulf TV war, Boulder: Westview Press Inc.
McLaughlin G. 2002, the war correspondent, 1st ed, UK: Pluto press.
Kamalipour .Y and Snow N, 2004,War, media and propaganda global perspective, 1st ed, U.S: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Chomsky, N., 1928:2002. Media control: the spectacular achievements of propaganda. New York: seven stories.
Katovsky .B and Carlson.T, 2004, Embedded , 1st ed, U.S: The Lyons press.
Miladi N. 2006, satellite TV News and the Arab Diaspora in Britain: comparing AL-jazeera, The BBC and CNN, Vol, 32(page 947-960) , Routledge.
Bell M. , 1998.The Journalism of attachment,. In: Kieran M., ed. Media Ethics, London: Routledge, 15-22
Info about the books:
The above list are the books that I used during this dissertation, obviously I didn’t read every single page of each books but I tried to read chapters that were related to my subject.
Beyond front lines by Philip Sieb was probably one book that I used mostly during this period. Even this book is not as a thick as some of the books that I have read but it offers so much information and background context. It offers brief information about all previous war and how media captured information during those wars. Even though I don’t agree with some of the statement or comments the author has made in this book, I did genuinely enjoyed reading this book as it offered so much interesting facts and figures. The main aim of this research paper was to construct an argument by comparing the timeline of different wars. This book follows the same approach, for example in one point the author provides price information on satellites equipments, suggesting how technology has enabled ordinary citizens to become broadcasters rather than JUST spectator.
Other books such Gulf War did not happen explore war and communication technologies, in this book the author argues that there was no human involvement in the first Gulf War, it was all about the use of smart bombs, however my research has shown that these bombs were not as smart as they has been initially described.
Also the limitation of media access had made American citizens to believe that this war had been carried out so précised. But individuals like Peter Turnley tried to show the reality but at that moment the news and media editors didn’t really want to question or expose the government, it was a happy time for both parties! One could suggest they were worried that they would be blamed again for causing disturbance in the political sphere, so they just sat back and broadcasted what the officials were providing them. The Gulf War was one of the very first wars that government were applying management strategies that they had been planning very constructively and effectively.
However as Internet became more advanced and accessible more information have found there on web pages, questioning government’s actions in previous wars.
People who had information and evidence were now able to demonstrate the reality. He writes;
“When I arrived at the scene of this incredible carnage, strewn all over on this mile stretch were cars and trucks with wheels still turning, radios still playing, and there were bodies scattered along the road…. I don’t recall seeing many television images of the human consequences of this scene, or for that matter many photographs published.”
(Turnley 2002)
The collection of photographs that he took the day after the ceasefire of 1st
Gulf War represents the side that media did not managed to capture or if it id there were people who stopped the reality to be revealed to the public.
